Photoelectric effect

The photoelectric effect was discovered in 1887 by German physicist H. Hertz and was investigated experimentally in the years 1888-1890 by A.G. Stoletov. The most complete study of the phenomena of the photoelectric effect was made by F. Leonard in 1900, The essence of the effect was "knocking out electrons" from the photocathode vacuum device. The energy of ejected electrons was independant from the intensity of the light. Instead, it depended on the frequency of light, that stumped researchers. It was believed that the wave representation of light cannot explain the features of the effect, including the instantaneous ejection of electrons. A wave representation, ostensibly, is inertial and requires great reaction time.
Exit "found" Albert Einstein, who proposed the corpuscular model of light and quantum description of the effect. He wrote as follows:

The energy of each photon is hv. By the interaction of photons with matter, the photon wholly transfers all its energy hv to one electron. Part of this energy the electron can scatter in collisions with atoms of matter. In addition, part of the electron energy is expended to overcome the potential barrier at the metal-vacuum border. To do this, the electron should perform work function A, that depending on the properties of the cathode material. The highest kinetic energy, which can be emitted from the cathode photoelectron is determined by the law of conservation of energy:

Here A is the work function of the photocathode material, which determines the photoelectric threshold.
This formula was given the name of the author and, along with the Compton effect is obvious manifestation and even proof of the corpuscular light.

Fig.1. The dependence of the strength of the photocurrent on the applied voltage. Curve 2 corresponds to a greater intensity of the light flux. In1 In2 and - current saturation, Uz -stopping potential

Numerous experimenters established following the basic laws of the photoelectric effect:
1. The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons increases linearly with the frequency of light? and does not depend on its intensity.
2. For each substance, there is the so-called red edge of the photoelectric effect, ie the lowest frequency? min, on which still possible photoelectric effect.
3. The number of photoelectrons, light ejects from the cathode in 1 s, is directly proportional to light intensity.
4. The photoelectric effect is practically without inertia, the photocurrent occurs immediately after the illumination of the cathode, provided that the light frequency v> vmin.
All these laws of the photoelectric effect are fundamentally contrary to notions of classical physics of the interaction of light with matter. According to the wave representations: an electron interacting with an electromagnetic light wave would be gradually accumulate energy, and would require considerable time, depending on the intensity of light for gaining by the electron enough energy to fly away from the cathode.

Criticism of modern concepts.

Before considering this decision, we must consider the physical nature of the product hv. In [1, 2] is shown that the Planck constant comes from the electron, and this is due to its structure.

Fig.2. The structure of electron, providing all its features.

In this structure (Fig. 2) energy-mass EM performs harmonic oscillations by the imaginary meridians with angular frequency meridian itself rotates around the axis of symmetry with a frequency . Linear orbital velocity of EM equals to .
The energy of the meridional oscillations is equal in each period of Е_е (Fig 3). For a complete turnover of these oscillations 137.039. We can characterize the integral vibrational energy of the EM only in the full cycle of the orbital rotation. Therefore, if the average energy of one vibration is the average during the period of the meridional frequency

then for the electron as a whole we must similarly record - for the orbital frequency

Fig.3. Current average value of electron energy in period.

We can easily calculate the orbital period

It remains to multiply both sides of equation by Т_оto calculate the value of the integral

It remains to verify that the integral is Planck's constant h. Multiply it by frequency - and get the energy of the electron, rather than a photon.
Any use of this formula to a massless particle - is quackery. At best - disinterested stupidity.

-But, Einstein's formula well describes the effect itself, - the reader will object.
-Well, well! Nobody objects, only instead of inventing something, we must act according to logic.
So, turn on the rules of scientific methodology: tabulate the possible methods of energy transfer.

Table 1.

Energy transfer method	Ek=mv²/2	Q=cM	qU	PV
comment	Neutral body	Heat	Charged body	Wave of pressure
Where is energy of light?	NO	NO	NO	YES

Table 1 shows that the light has the unique ability of energy transfer, the pressure wave PV. The product of PV is telling us that this requires constant specific volume. And in combination with Einstein's equation provides a SINGLE POSSIBLE way for the transmission of light-

That's where all the errors of Einstein - ignoring the environment. But the Fizeau experiment confirmed that the motion of the medium "carries" the light, so, the energy of electrons movementis added to the PV energy of fixed electrons.

It ignores the structure of the electron, considering it a point (for the periphery of the electron wouldn't exceed the speed of light). And that's quite brazen, becouse the dimensions of the electron are known, electron is known for its sensitivity to electric and magnetic fields, cyclotron effect, etc. Einstein ofcourse knew it, therefore, deliberately lied.

No particle can not get "in the eye" of metal electrons to be able to reflect.

And even if it enters in to the electron it cannot satisfy the condition of reflection of light beam 'angle of incidence equals angle of reflection. "

And the massless and chargeless photon cannot be sent and accelerated by anything because it cannot react to anything. Yes, a lot of things ...